Is A Private Key Required For Sha256 Hash Generator
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I'm wondering if there is a better solution to my problem?
To ensure my Private Key, CSR and X509 certificate sets match, I'm generating a sha256 hash of the associated public key in der format. The generated values are good and match, hence my confidence that a ECDSA private key, CSR and x509 certificate belong together is good.
However, the onscreen rendering looks something like:
'140095872128928:error:0D07207B:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_get_object:header too long:asn1_lib.c:150:'
Bitcoin uses point multiplication on the Elliptic Curve secp256k1 to generate a public key from a private key. Basically, this curve has a defined Generator point G, and a method for 'adding' two points together in a way to get a new point (EC Point Addition). Bitcoin uses point multiplication on the Elliptic Curve secp256k1 to generate a public key from a private key. Basically, this curve has a defined Generator point G, and a method for 'adding' two points together in a way to get a new point (EC Point Addition).Your private key is just a number, aka a Scalar, so to get your public key you just add the generator point to itself privkey number of.
The three forms of command line queries I use are:
Create sha256 hash from ECDSA p256 Private key
openssl ec -in alice-ECDSA.key -inform PEM -pubout openssl asn1parse -strparse 23 -out alice-ECDSA-key-pubkey.der
sha256_value=openssl sha256 -c alice-ECDSA-key-pubkey.der
Create sha256 hash from a CSR p256 public key
openssl req -in alice-ECDSA.csr -inform PEM -pubkey -noout openssl asn1parse -strparse 23 -out alice-ECDSA-csr-pubkey.der
sha256_value=openssl sha256 -c alice-ECDSA-csr-pubkey.der
Create sha256 from Public Key Certificate p256 public key
openssl x509 -noout -in alice-ECDSA.pem -pubkey openssl asn1parse -strparse 23 -out alice-ECDSA-x509-pubkey.der
sha256_value=openssl sha256 -c alice-ECDSA-x509-pubkey.der
I'm wondering is this an issue? or simply a result of my approach to generating the SHA256 hash of the der encode public key?
Regards
Nigel
What is a Private Key?
A private key is a secret 256-bit long number randomly selected when you create a Bitcoin wallet. This is the address which enables you to send the Bitcoins to a recipient’s address. You never share the private key to anyone.
The number and type of cryptographic functions implemented for security reasons defines just how random and unique the key is.
A private uncompressed key always begins with a 5 and it looks like this:
5Hwgr3u458GLafKBgxtssHSPqJnYoGrSzgQsPwLFhLNYskDPyyA
What is a Public Key?
A public key is another address consisting of numbers and letters which is a derivate from private keys after they have been encrypted via the use of mathematical functions. The encryption process cannot be reversed and thus no one can find out the original private key. This is the address that enables you to receive Bitcoins.
The hash of a public key is always 1:
1BvBMSEYstWetqTFn5Au4m4GFg7xJaNVN2
This address you publicly make available in order to receive Bitcoins. There is no limit to how many public addresses a user can generate. In order to generate such a key and subsequently a wallet address, there have to be applied a number of conversions to the private key. These conversions are known as hash functions, which are un-reversible conversions.
Creating a Public Key with ECDSA
The first thing you have to do is apply to your private key an ECDSA, also know as Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm. An elliptic curve is defined by the equation y² = x³ + ax + b with selected value for a and b. There is an entire family of these curves which can be applied. Bitcoin makes use of the secp256k1 curve.
Applying an ECDSA to the private key will result in a 64-byte integer composed of two 32-byte integers put together which represent the X and Y of the point on the elliptic curve.
Below is the code you would require in Python language:
private_key_bytes = codecs.decode(private_key, ‘hex’)
# Get ECDSA public key
key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_string(private_key_bytes, curve=ecdsa.SECP256k1).verifying_key
key_bytes = key.to_string()
key_hex = codecs.encode(key_bytes, ‘hex’)
In the code presented above the private keys were decoded with codecs. As in Python, there are at least two classes that can keep the private and public keys, “str”, a string array, and “bytes”- a byte array, things can get a little confusing.
This is because an X string array is not equal to an X byte array, but it equals the byte array with two elements, O<. The codecs.decode method converts a string into a byte array.
After applying ECDSA, we will have to add the bytes 0x04 (04 as a prefix) to the resulted public key. This will generate a Bitcoin full public key.
Compressing the public key
Instead of using the long version of the public key we can compress it to be shorter.
This is done by taking the X from the ECDSA public key and adding 0x02 if the last byte of Y is even, and the 0x03 byte if the last byte is odd.
Encrypting the Key with SHA-256 And RIPEMD-160
Now we move on to create our wallet address. Regardless of the method applied to the public key, the procedure is the same. Obviously, you will have different resulting addresses.
For this, we will need to apply two hash functions: first, we apply SHA-256 to the public key, and then encrypt the result using RIPEMD-160. It is very important that the algorithms are applied in this exact order.
At the end of this process, you will have a 160-bit integer which represents an encrypted public key.
Below is the code needed to encrypt the public key in Python:
public_key_bytes = codecs.decode(public_key, ‘hex’)
# Run SHA-256 for the public key
sha256_bpk = hashlib.sha256(public_key_bytes)
sha256_bpk_digest = sha256_bpk.digest()
# Run RIPEMD-160 for the SHA-256
ripemd160_bpk = hashlib.new(‘ripemd160’)
ripemd160_bpk.update(sha256_bpk_digest)
ripemd160_bpk_digest = ripemd160_bpk.digest()
ripemd160_bpk_hex = codecs.encode(ripemd160_bpk_digest, ‘hex’)
Adding the network byte
As Bitcoin has two networks, main and test, we will need to create an address which will be used on the mainnet. This means that we will have to add 0x00 bytes to the encrypted public key. For testnet use, you would have to add 0x6f bytes.
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Calculating the Checksum
The next step is to calculate the checksum of the resulted mainnet key. A checksum ensures that the key has still maintained its integrity during the process. If the checksum does not match, the address will be marked as invalid.
In order to generate a key’s checksum, the SHA-256 hash function must be applied twice and then take the first 4 bytes from this result. Keep in mind that 4 bytes represent 8 hex digits.
The code required for calculating an address checksum is:
# Double SHA256 to get checksum
sha256_nbpk = hashlib.sha256(network_bitcoin_public_key_bytes)
Is A Private Key Required For Sha256 Hash Generator Reviews
sha256_nbpk_digest = sha256_nbpk.digest()
sha256_2_nbpk = hashlib.sha256(sha256_nbpk_digest)
sha256_2_nbpk_digest = sha256_2_nbpk.digest()
sha256_2_hex = codecs.encode(sha256_2_nbpk_digest, ‘hex’)
checksum = sha256_2_hex[:8]
Now the last step required to make an address is to merge the mainnet key and the checksum.
Encoding the Key with Base58
You will notice that the resulted key does not look like other BTC addresses. This is because most convert them to a Base58 address.
Below is the algorithm needed to convert a hex address to a Base58 address:
def base58(address_hex):
alphabet = ‘123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz’
b58_string = ‘’
# Get the number of leading zeros
leading_zeros = len(address_hex) — len(address_hex.lstrip(‘0’))
Is A Private Key Required For Sha256 Hash Generator Parts
# Convert hex to decimal
address_int = int(address_hex, 16)
# Append digits to the start of string
while address_int > 0:
digit = address_int % 58
Is A Private Key Required For Sha256 Hash Generator Download
digit_char = alphabet[digit]
b58_string = digit_char + b58_string
address_int //= 58
# Add ‘1’ for each 2 leading zeros
ones = leading_zeros // 2
for one in range(ones):
b58_string = ‘1’ + b58_string
return b58_string
The resulted string will represent a compressed Bitcoin wallet address.
Conclusion
Is A Private Key Required For Sha256 Hash Generator Free
The process of generating a Bitcoin wallet address from a private key is not that difficult if you pay close attention to the aforementioned steps.
Is A Private Key Required For Sha256 Hash Generator For Mac
If your private key is full or compressed, the resulting addresses will look different, but both of them are just as valid.